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The Right Way to Get Pregnant

By William Grigg

Though sperm are produced "fresh," fathers-to-be aren't off the hook, either. Whereas women used to be more likely to be blamed, the causes of childlessness are now broken down more evenly – about 50/50.

Environmental influences, such as vitamin status, radiation, drugs, diseases and occupational exposures, can influence the quantity and quality of a man's sperm. Such exposures can also prevent a man from getting or maintaining an erection. So it isn't "unmanly" for industrial, medical and agricultural workers to take advantage of lead shields, protective masks and clothing and after-work showers. Quite the reverse.

Infections, such as mumps, are well-known causes of male infertility, but pesticides and other chemicals can present a risk of infertility and birth defects. These defects may occur if a damaged sperm fertilizes an egg, and the egg does not develop properly. The result may be a miscarriage or a potential health problem in the baby later on.

Men and women may track in lead dust from building sites where old, lead-painted buildings have been knocked down, contaminating their homes and exposing their families.

Farm workers risk problems for themselves and their families if they needlessly go into recently sprayed fields and/or don't wear long-sleeved shirts and other clothing that covers their skin. Family exposures can be minimized if workers strip off contaminated clothes at work or as soon as they return home, and the clothes are promptly washed – separately from other clothes. The exposed workers themselves should also shower promptly.

We all also have habits, good and bad. You may also be interested in some NIEHS work that suggests that the old habit of female douching reduces fertility – as may too much coffee.

Alcohol can be harmful. It is regarded by the March of Dimes as the leading cause of preventable mental retardation, as well as the most common known cause of fetal damage. Major physical and mental problems occur in the children of drinking women, especially those who use alcohol a lot. Many doctors recommend you avoid all alcoholic drinks during pregnancy.

Want to see more?

• Safeguard Your Fertility: 6 Simple Steps
• Too Toxic to Conceive: Is Your Lifestyle to Blame?
• Private Suffering: The Issue of DES Daughters
• Talk about it!